Food Aid

Rice is one of the most widely consumed commodities in the world and is the most consumed commodity for half of the world’s population. The U.S. provides milled or parboiled long and medium grain rice for our U.S. government (USG) food assistance programs.

Anywhere from 2-5% of U.S. rice exports are in the form of food aid, providing a safe and nutritious food source for vulnerable or at-risk populations all over the world.

USA Rice Action:

Working with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and private voluntary organizations (PVOs) to encourage the use of fortified rice in appropriate food aid programs.
Ensuring that in-kind commodities, such as rice, remain in the USG toolbox.

Resources

Documents

USA Rice Fortified Rice Fact Sheet

External Resources

Nutrition

Overview

Rice is a staple for more than half of the world’s population and is a food in nearly all the world’s cultures. It is nutritious, easy to digest, and plentiful – thus an excellent component in world feeding programs. Rice is versatile and easy to prepare, store, handle, and distribute.

Rice is comprised of mostly complex carbohydrates, contains essential amino acids and has the highest quality protein of all the grains. Using Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Scoring, rice has a 31% better quality protein than corn and a 38% better quality protein than wheat. This method of evaluating protein quality is useful to food aid professionals in planning diets with adequate protein since less protein is needed in diets when higher quality protein is included.

Rice is Perfect for Food Aid Because it is:

Rich in complex carbohydrates*
Contains all eight essential amino acids*
Cholesterol and sodium-free *
Hypoallergenic*
Therapeutic for some digestive disorders
High digestibility (88%) aids in nutrient absorption
Readily available and easy to handle/transport
Shelf life of two years
Meets USG "processed" food requirement**
Meets the USG "bagged in the US" requirement**

* Very important points for improving the nutritional levels of those who have compromised immune systems.
**Congressional mandate for USAID Title II programs.

Rice Nutrients

The nutritional values of long, medium, and short grain rice are essentially the same within each variety or classification (i.e., brown or white). Below is a comparison chart of brown rice, unenriched white rice, and parboiled rice:

This is a chart that compares the nutrients of brown rice, unenriched white rice, and unenriched parboiled rice.

Fortified Rice

Overview

Over the last decade, USDA and USAID have sought to diversify the portfolio of value added nutritional foods made with U.S. origin commodities for global food aid and nutritional programming. Developing a series of micronutrient-fortified foods to address not only hunger but also persistent nutritional deficiencies have also led to cost effective options for feeding. Fortified rice is among the most effective delivery mechanisms and is the most cost effective for bioavailable micronutrients that can be utilized in food assistance and nutritional programming.

Image of a bag of Fortified Rice from the USA

Rice fortification provides an immediate, ready-to-use product that helps to address micronutrient deficiencies on a large scale. Lack of Vitamin A and iron are among the most persistent and damaging micronutrient deficiencies impacting growth and development. USA Rice is working closely with USDA, USAID, WFP and the PVO community to lead to the successful and effective use of fortified rice.

Nutrients included in fortified rice: Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Folic Acid, Iron and Zinc.

Background

2010: USDA and USAID receive additional funding through the McGovern Dole Food for Education Program to conduct a series of micronutrient fortification pilot programs, including fortified rice.
2014: A school feeding intervention program in Cambodia showed significant improvements in vitamin A and zinc uptake with the fortified rice.
2014: Fortified rice is added to USAID’s master list of commodities for use in U.S. government food assistance programs.
2015 – 2017: Additional studies further confirm the effectiveness of fortified rice in addressing nutrient deficiencies.
2018: Rinse resistant coated fortification technology approved for use, allowing for potentially increased production and lower prices for fortified rice.

Information on how to register to become an approved exporter for food assistance programs can be found here: https://portal.wbscm.usda.gov/

Specifications

Rice Types

Long Grain:

When cooked, the grains are separate, light, and fluffy.
USAGE: This type of rice is ideal for recipes requiring a distinct shape and texture
WHERE: Traditionally eaten in the Western Hemisphere, Eastern Europe, Middle East, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and most of Africa
CROP SIZE: Approximately 75% of the rice crop is long grain, averaging about 2 million acres
COST: The price tends to vary with demand on a yearly basis
COOKING: 1 cup of uncooked rice with 2 cups of water cooks in about 20 minutes yielding 3 cups of rice.

Medium Grain:

When cooked the grains are moist and tender, and have a greater tendency to cling (think sushi rice)
USAGE: This type of rice cooks to a somewhat creamy consistency.
WHERE: Traditionally eaten in Central Asia, North Asia, Mediterranean and Aegean regions.
CROP SIZE: Approximately 20% of the rice crop is medium grain
COST: The price tends to vary with demand on a yearly basis
COOKING: 1 cup of uncooked rice with 1.5 cups of water cooks in about 20 minutes yielding about 3 cups of rice.

Rice Grades

#2/7 or better has 7% broken kernels, "may be slightly gray" in color and is well-milled.
#5/20 or better has 20% broken kernels, "may be gray or slightly rosy" in color and reasonably well-milled. The nutritional content is virtually the same as #2. Cooking time is slightly shorter than # 2.

Milling Types

Brown rice or whole grain: is the least processed form of rice. It has the outer hull removed, but still retains the bran layers that give it the tan color and nut-like flavor. This type of rice has the highest nutritional value. One cup cooks in 45 to 50 minutes yielding 3 to 4 cups.
Reasonably well-milled: most of the bran layer is removed which results in a slightly darker color then well-milled rice.
Well-milled: all of the bran is removed. Most rice consumers prefer this type.

Recent News

Oct 13, 2016

***Click image to enlarge infographic***

DES MOINES, IA – This week, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) held a joint 2016 International Food Assistance and Food Security Conference where USA Rice heavily promoted advances in fortified rice.

The gathering provided an ideal setting for information sharing and collaboration by the broader food aid industry stakeholders, including USA Rice. Both USDA and USAID work independently to carry out a number of international food aid programs that often utilize U.S.-grown rice as part of their food distribution packages including Food for Peace, McGovern-Dole Food for Education, and Food for Progress programs.

Several hundred participants attended multiple break-out sessions and panels that focused on the importance of in-kind food aid. One panel looked at increasing the operational efficiency of in-kind food assistance and another provided examples for the many private voluntary organizations (PVOs) that help deliver food aid overseas to better leverage the availability of in-kind contributions.

During his presentation on Food Aid Quality Review, Dr. Rufino Perez, USAID's Food Technologist and one of the leads on the initiative to promote fortified rice, emphasized the benefits of fortified rice for future U.S. government sponsored feeding programs. Specifically, Dr. Perez noted that rice is a unique commodity, already consumed by millions, and the addition of fortified rice to the USAID and USDA master list of approved commodities holds the potential to "make significant strides in the fight against malnutrition."

He went on to say that there will be increasing quantities of rice in future food assistance programs as "USAID has committed to use this product and will change all future rice procurement to include fortified rice." USDA is already beginning to use fortified rice in McGovern-Dole school feeding programs. Dr. Perez will become the lead on all USAID nutrition programs in the office of Food for Peace in 2017.

“It’s important for the U.S. rice industry to attend these broader stakeholder events to learn about the ongoing development of technologies and other innovative solutions to increase the nutritional composition of U.S. food aid,” said Sarah Moran, senior director for international promotion with USA Rice who attended the conference. “Dr. Perez further solidified the importance of programming fortified rice into food aid packages, as a new, cost-effective, and innovative way to reverse global malnourishment in children.”

USA Rice continues to advocate to USDA and USAID for the prioritization of U.S.-grown rice through their international food aid programs. This year, industry has seen the first increase in food aid shipments of rice in the last five years due to USA Rice efforts, exporting nearly 90,000 MT of rice.